Improving Fluency and Number Sense with Simple Number Exercises

There is often a debate about striking the perfect balance between computational fluency (think: basic facts and algorithms) and number sense (think: comparing, ordering, and estimating values). Experience and research indicates that number fluency is as important as number sense, and that each one depends, in part, on the other.  If children have a degree of fluency, they can reduce the chance of cognitive overload when tackling more demanding challenges.

As educators, we have to take care not to create an either or situation.  It is probably more healthy to think of the concept o “flexible numeracy.”  This is an approach where a student is given the opportunity to tackle both approaches and move between the two seamlessly.

As a math teacher, I try to think of my students as number athletes. I want them to be able to slip effortlessly between and around exercises; with operations; bounce from strategy to strategy with ease. Just as athletes stretch every day, with purpose and dedication, students who wish to be flexible with numbers must stretch their numerical skills daily. My role, for five minutes a day, becomes that of a fitness coach, guiding my students enthusiastically in a brief stretching exercise, to keep them nimble with numbers.

The exercises themselves are simple: since the objective is strictly to practice manipulating numbers, there is no need to come up with real-world contexts. (Problem-solving is embedded throughout the rest of the math lesson.) But don’t let the simplicity of the exercise fool you: as they contemplate solutions, students’ minds flow through a range of interrelated number concepts: the relationship between addition and subtraction, the pairs that make ten, ordering numbers on the number line, conservation of number, and plenty more. They are building fluency while exercising number sense; they are accessing number concepts while practicing basic facts. In short, they are becoming numerically flexible.

https://www.ncetm.org.uk

https://nzmaths.co.nz/

http://www.doe.mass.edu/sfss/math-protocols/

 

[embedyt] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LkrfZ0Y-V2I[/embedyt]

 

Highlights of our summer conference in Uttoxeter, 2016 with mastery of mathematics as a key theme. With special thanks to Jane Jones (HMI) and Debbie Morgan (NCETM primary director).

Calculation Policy - Primary / Elementary Phase

Laying the Foundations of Early Mathematics

This set of resource materials is intended to help practitioners working with children in the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS), and teachers working with lower Key Stage 1 children, to plan their mathematics provision and help children to secure some of the key mathematical ideas that they will use throughout the rest of their lives. The materials have a strong focus on Number, particularly counting, and the children’s developing understanding of the patterns that underpin early work within this aspect of mathematics. Download

Teaching Mathematics

Why is Jerome Bruner important to Mathematics education?

In the 1960s American psychologist Jerome Bruner (above) put forward a theory that people learn in three basic stages: by handling real objects, through pictures, and through symbols. Bruner said symbols are "clearly the most mysterious of the three." In the 1980s Singapore developed its model method based on Bruner's theory.

Implications for teaching mathematics

Some of the implications of Bruner's theory for the teaching of mathematics are:
•children's 'readiness' to learn is not linked to age (unlike Piaget's theory);
•development of language is important to concept formation;
•adults are important in structuring and supporting children's developing ideas (compare this with Piaget's theory);
•new concepts (regardless of the age of the learner) should be taught enactively, then ironically and, finally, symbolically as ways of capturing experiences in the memory;
•it is important to include practical activities and discussion as an integral part of mathematics.;
•the use of pictorial recording and the classroom environment are important.

The Times Educational Supplement is an excellent source of research articles and resources.  They also have a dedicated section to support the teaching of Mastery in Mathematics. Read More

There are several organisations that have developed Mathematical Mastery at a whole school level.

 

Mathematical Mastery organisation have several key principles that underpin all that they do. They have high expectations for every child. They teach fewer topics in greater depth. They emphasise problem-solving and conceptual understanding.  They also promote a 'Growth Mindset'.

Read More

White Rose Maths Hub

Influenced, inspired and informed by the work of leading maths researchers and practitioners across the world, White Rose Maths brings together a team of highly experienced and passionate maths teaching experts to train, guide, help and support all those who want to make change happen in their schools.

Schemes of Learning, Assessments and Mixed-age Learning Plans

White Rose always make a strong effort to keep their content advancing in line with the latest best practice and National Curriculum requirements, White Rose Maths’ latest SOL feature smaller learning steps and additional techniques to help you embed deeper learning.

All of these materials are available for you to download and use FREE.

White Rose Maths | Free Maths Teaching Resources | CPD Training

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Jerome Bruner is remembered as a visionary educator who offered groundbreaking insights into how children learn.

 Fluency is knowing how a number can be composed and decomposed and using that information to be flexible and efficient with solving problems.

Fosnot and Dolk (2001)

http://thinkmath.edc.org/resource/developing-mathematical-vocabulary

 

Mathematics Links for Pupils & Teachers

Organisations Associated with UKMT

International Organisations

http://www.youtube.comlistType=playlist&list=PL3723_z6WqS7Dkp9jbUTRS2qncFsVxTjH

- YouTube

Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uC-Wl1Val9Q

Number Sense: A Biological Look at How Our Minds Create Mathematics by Andrea Hayes

How can an infant know that 1 plus 1 equals 2? Why is it that, even after years of school, many of us still aren't sure if 6 times 7 is 42 or 54? How can a...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FG2yyDYrI5M

Jo Boaler Clip on number sense

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Jo Boaler is a professor of mathematics education at Stanford and the co-founder of YouCubed.  The research referred to in the video can be seen here Read more

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3icoSeGqQtY

You have probably heard people say they are just bad at math, or perhaps you yourself feel like you are not “a math person.” Not so, says Stanford mathematics education professor Jo Boaler, who shares the brain research showing that with the right teaching and messages, we can all be good at math. Not only that, our brains operate differently when we believe in ourselves. Boaler gives hope to the the mathematically fearful or challenged, shows a pathway to success, and brings into question the very basics of how our teachers approach what should be a rewarding experience for all children and adults.

How to strengthen students' accuracy, efficiency and flexibility with mental math and computation strategies.
Presenter: Sherry Parrish, Professional Development Consultant; Assistant Professor, The University of Alabama at Birmingham

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twGipANcIqg

Number Talks at UWCSEA

Number Talks at UWCSEA East are short structured sessions that develop Primary School students' understanding of numbers.

Number Talks at UWCSEA East are short structured sessions that develop Primary School students' understanding of numbers

Mastery in Mathematics

Since mastery is what we want pupils to acquire (or go on acquiring), rather than teachers to demonstrate, we use the phrase ‘teaching for mastery’ to describe the range of elements of classroom practice and school organisation that combine to give pupils the best chances of mastering mathematics.

And mastering maths means acquiring a deep, long-term, secure and adaptable understanding of the subject. At any one point in a pupil’s journey through school, achieving mastery is taken to mean acquiring a solid enough understanding of the maths that’s been taught to enable him/her move on to more advanced material.

  • The essential elements of maths teaching for mastery are contained in this paper, published in June 2016
  • The NCETM’s early thinking about teaching for mastery was first contained in this paper, from autumn 2014.
  • The NCETM’s Director for Primary Debbie Morgan has given numerous presentations to audiences across England. This one, to a group of teachers and heads in North Lincolnshire, took place in December 2015.
  • This video shows a teaching for mastery workshop in March 2016 attended by teachers and heads from Cheshire.
  • Several blog posts by the NCETM’s Director Charlie Stripp deal with aspects of teaching for mastery, in the primary and secondary phases.

The materials, produced in collaboration with Oxford University Press, are divided into six separate documents, one for each of Years 1 to 6 inclusive